Thursday, 14 March 2019

To Tacitus: on the treatment of the dead


Book 2 Letter 17
Part 3 of 3

To Tacitus: on the treatment of the dead

Tacitus, this letter has been about war, but I also love to write about music, and everywhere I look, I find stories of music in war. Sometimes funny, sometimes tragic, such tales are always instructive of deeper values, and of the nature we all share as humans.

Again, the article by Friedman provided me with this story that made me laugh.

Miami Herald writer Guy Gulotta recalled his experience with PSYOP in a feature piece entitled “Master of the Game,” written for his newspaper in 1989. Guy was a Navy reserve lieutenant (junior grade) assigned as commander of a small navy Patrol Craft Fast, also known as a PCF or "Swift Boat." He was stationed on a semi-permanent base on pontoons moored in the Cua Lon River in 1970.

My crew pointed this out to me the first time we were instructed to cruise the canals playing tapes of "The Wandering Soul," a howling banshee sermon promising eternal damnation to any Viet Cong who didn't lay down his weapons and join up with us right away. Nobody on the boat understood the words, but any boat that played it usually got hit with rockets. "The Wandering Soul," as Seaman Sherwood J. Drumheller told me, "is Number 10, and dropping off the chart.”

Unfortunately, I pointed out, we were the only boat on duty that had a functioning PSYOP system - a loudspeaker. "We’re going to have to play something," I said.

"Great," said Drumheller, who was 19 and the only normal person on the boat besides me. He favored Steppenwolf, Credence or the Stones, but would also go with Santana because "some of the words are foreign."

Boatswain's mate Hogan, who was from Lubbock, and had no known first name, hated Steppenwolf, but offered Buck Owens or Dolly Parton in exchange.

"Not heavy enough," I concluded. I chose Ike and Tina Turner (Workin' Together), pointing out that Tina, like Dolly, was a girl, and she sang Honky-tonk Woman (Stones) and Proud Mary (Credence), which, incidentally, was about a river boat. Besides, she had a voice that could melt steel; Charlie would love it.

And it worked. For six hours in the middle of the night Tina Turner ripped through the forest like a chain saw, and we didn't hear a single gunshot or see a single muzzle-flash. "The Wandering Soul" was never heard again on the Cua Lon River.”

*

In 15CE, Germanicus and his centurions buried their comrades on the battlefield, their bones having lain undisturbed for six years where they fell. The centurions worked together in this, they shared in the grim task and all who were present knew the truth of it. This kind of work is written about frequently by many ancient authors, the stripping and burying of one's dead allies was a common part of every soldier's wartime experience. Together they shouldered this burden. In my reading of modern sources I have found a different kind of story though, that of the army mortician, whose work takes place far from the battlefield, and whose struggles are far more lonely than that of their front line comrades.

From an article on the subject of Vietnam wartime morticians, written by Matthew M Burke for Stars and Stripes, I found the following.

The mortuary men got through it by trying to shut down their emotions. However, they still had to have respect for the grim task at hand.

We treated the remains of the soldiers that were killed with respect,” Fruendt said. “It was sad but you had to do the job right and you had to treat them like a member of the family.”

For Redlinski, it was cathartic to talk to the dead.
I would say, ‘Sorry I have to do this. I have to get you back to your family.’”

The Army mortuary personnel were outcasts, shunned by their peers because of their job.
We stayed to ourselves,” Redlinski said. “People thought, ‘Oh there’s death, I don’t want to be near you.’”

Fruendt remembers heading to the chow hall with the members of his unit one day after work. They had all showered and were wearing fresh clothes. They sat down and started eating. Before long, they realized that everyone had cleared away from them.

The smell was vicious,” he said. “No matter how much you wash your hands or clothes, it permeates you,” Redlinski added. “It permeates your skin.”

Redlinski said that the smell even reached the troops outside the mortuary.

Just before Fruendt left Vietnam in the fall of 1968, a new, bigger, better mortuary had been built at Tan Son Nhut. This one was far away from the other troops.

We were kept away from the main body of troops because it was demoralizing,” Redlinski said.

Most guys never knew we were there.”

The Army’s mortuary personnel are still the experts in recovery, identification, preservation and safeguarding remains until a deceased service member can be sent back home to their family. It is one of the most important missions during war, Ellerman said.

There is no better way to honor the fallen than to return them back to their home,” he said.
That is still the mission, one that is still largely unheralded.

*

So I guess that's what I wanted to write to you about Tacitus. Two paragraphs from your book sent me on an incredible journey of discovery, uncovering stories from a war I thought I was already quite familiar with. Every day it seems I am shown the incredible scope of my own ignorance. It is impossible to draw conclusions, or to make judgements. I am a student, perpetually seated at the feet of teachers far more knowledgeable than myself. I am particularly grateful to SGM Herbert Friedman for his writings which have featured heavily in this letter.

Just as Germanicus helped in the digging of graves and so shared in the grief of all present, I hope that I, in discussing these difficult stories from our collective history, can share in the burden which is all too often, heaped unsquarely upon the shoulders of our soldiers, and who, long after the fighting is done, must bear the weight of the tragedy of war.

We are all the inheritors of traditions which can be traced back to the earliest of our ancestors. Theseus, the ancient Greek hero, is named as the first commander of antiquity to declare that the bodies of the enemy dead should be returned to their families. Now, some two and a half thousand years later, the Australian army is continuing what Theseus started, and through the courage and dignity of peacetime service, are attempting to restore to our past enemies, the spiritual resolution they have craved for decades.

Perhaps some of those wandering souls can find their homes again, and perhaps their whispered prayers of thanks might reach our living dreams, and perhaps together we might find peace.

I think it is worth the effort.

Thank you Tacitus, your book is a magic mirror.

With gratitude and respect.

Morgan.



PS.

For further reading, the articles I have quoted from can be found here:

The Wandering Soul tapes of the Vietnamese War (Article by SGM Herbert Friedman)


Operation: Wandering Souls (Australian Army operation)


The article about morticians experiences during the Vietnam War



P.P.S Cabanatuan, the Philipine POW camp during WWII, also has some interesting stories relating to the recovery of the bodies of dead soldiers.

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