Thursday, 24 September 2020

Book 4, Letter 14, Part 1 of 2 to Cicero - History written by the losers

 Dear Cicero, 

 I'm near the end, only a few letters to go and I will have read every single one, just as Petrarch requested. I must savour these last words, despite their grim subject matter. There are no more letters to Atticus, no more to Tiro, no more to any of your friends – these are letters of war. To Marcus and Decimus Brutus, to Plancus, to Lepidus, and many others, all men of high office, all embroiled in the same civil strife, all of you working day and night to see your ambitions realised. 

To save the Republic 

They say that history is written by the victors, but tonight I understood that with you, Cicero, this is not true. You wrote your own history, and you lost hard. Your whole quest to save the Republic was a failure, yet your immortality is unquestionable. People today squabble over whether or not you complained too much or whether or not you had any real courage or power - and I repeat Petrarch's words to them; do not judge, until you have read all the letters, and read them well, and with careful, slow consideration.

As I near the end, I am scared to finish. Something of the truth of your death looms waiting for me. A truth I do not wish to face: that immortality is paper thin, and that the death which you walked towards with a steady gaze, is the real end of your story. I may read your works and feel you beside me, I may, for a time, sense the presence of your spirit as I read aloud your speeches, but death is forever, while life is short.

I see my own world crumbling, just as you were witness to the final days of your own dear Republic. I see the warning signs of civil war, and of a global systems collapse. If human nature asserts itself as it has in the past, it cannot be long before assassination becomes a commonplace political statement, and the similarities between your time and my own will increase. Nations are once again arming themselves...

But I should not worry. I cannot write the future. I will stand or fall as the wheat in the field, and my time shall be measured by the speed of the blade. I am glad to have known you Cicero. The story of the end of the Republic is written in your letters...

DCCCLX
M Brutus to M Cicero
May 43BCE

Because Antony is still alive and in arms, while in regard to Caesar, what could and was bound to be done, is all over and cannot be undone, Octavius is the man whose decision as to us is awaited by the Roman people ; we are in such a position that one man has to be petitioned to enable us to live. I however – to return to your policy – so far from being the sort of man to supplicate, am one forcibly to coerce those who demand that supplications should be addressed to them. If I can't do that, I will withdraw far from the servile herd and will for myself regard Rome as wherever I am able to be free. I shall feel only pity for men like yourself, if neither age nor honours nor the example of other men's courage has been able to lessen your clinging to life. For myself I shall only think myself happy if I abide with firmness and persistency in the idea that my patriotism has had its reward : for what is there better than the memory of good actions, and for a man – wanting nothing except liberty – to disregard the vicissitudes of human life?

Now, there is some doubt as to the authenticity of this letter from Brutus, and I, an amateur who cannot read Latin, still feel that there is something 'off' about the style of the above letter, especially given Brutus' usual laconic style. However, Shuckburgh, the translator of the 1895 edition, has this to say on the subject of these letters from Brutus:

There seems to be a kind of fashion in criticism. Forty of fifty years ago there was a tendency to throw doubt on the genuineness of ancient writings with a kind of triumphant scepticism; now the pendulum has swung back – for the most part happily so – and the impulse is do defend everything. Neither fashion is wholly in the right.

So, whether or not the letter is fake, I would like to address something about what it says, and how, in light of modern events, it seems a relevant example of political conflict. Brutus claims that Rome is wherever he can be free – but in all civil wars, Freedom, is what both sides always claim they are fighting for. The word is so over-used as to lose all meaning. Brutus also claims 'liberty or death', and as such, knowing something of his conservative political opinions, and yours Cicero, he comes across as a suicidal fanatic. To me, it is the most discreditable facet of your story, and of the actions of the senatorial order, that they refused to be flexible with their opposition.

Of course, that is too simplistic. After 100 years of bloodshed, the political process was little better than open gang warfare, and compromise, concessions and dialogue were utterly futile. Both sides had killed so many of their opposition, the blood grudge on both sides was never to be resolved. Or, Cicero, as you put it:

DCCCXCII
M Tullius Cicero to M Iunius Brutus
June 43BCE

Each man claims to be powerful in the Republic in proportion to his physical force. Reason, moderation, law, custom, duty – all go for nothing : as do the judgement and opinion of their fellow citizens, and their respect for the verdict of posterity. It was because I foresaw all this long ago that I was on the point of flying from Italy at the time when the report of the edicts issued by you and Cassius recalled me.

I love to find the moments in your life when your choices seem to draw you with a purpose towards your grisly fate. There are so many times when, had you chosen differently, you might have outlived the Republic. You might have met with your son in Greece and perhaps even studied with him, you might have turned your skills to philosophy and left the bloody contest for Rome behind. Here in June, 43BCE, not for the first time, some force drew you back into the battle. The wind herself diverted your ship more than once back to Italy.

Fortune had plans for you Cicero, and she played the strings of your heart and mind to the bloody end.

Friday, 18 September 2020

Book 4, Letter 13 To Tacitus, on impostors, and political conspiracies.

 



Dear Tacitus,

It's nothing new to say that the chaos of my own age is mirrored in the chaos of yours, but it always makes me laugh to read your little summaries.


In a state that was distracted by strife, and that from frequent changes in its rulers trembled on the verge between liberty and license, even little matters were attended to with great excitement.

(Histories, Bk 2, Sect. 10)


The world is a mess, and the only thing that keeps me stable is mediating on the notion that it has always been a mess, and likely, always will. I ponder, if it can't be fixed, maybe it isn't broken. This might just be my nihilism talking, and I am fine with admitting that the current state of politics has made me revert to a baseline disregard for all important events and issues, declaring that nothing can be done to fix a world defined by madness. I throw up my hands rather than wring them – though in truth, the stress has ruined my stomach, and I am gobbling antacid pills by the dozen. So, it is in moments like these that I like to read your book, Tacitus, and to laugh at the everyday horror and madness of your era. It makes my own era make sense.


So it was that I came across this little gem: (Histories, Bk II, 8-9)


About this time Achaia and Asia were terrified by a false rumour of Nero's arrival. The reports with regard to his death had been varied, and therefore many people imagined and believed that he was alive. The forces and attempts of other pretenders we shall tell as we proceed; but at this time, a slave from Pontus or, as others have reported, a freedman from Italy, who was skilled in playing on the cithara and in singing, gained the readier belief in his deceit through these accomplishments and his resemblance to Nero. He recruited some deserters, poor tramps whom he had bribed by great promises, and put to sea. A violent storm drove him to the island of Cythnus, where he called to his standard some soldiers who were returning from the East on leave, or ordered them to be killed if they refused. Then he robbed the merchants, and armed all the ablest-bodied of their slaves. A centurion, Sisenna, who was carrying clasped right hands, the symbol of friendship, to the praetorians in the name of the army in Syria, the pretender approached with various artifices, until Sisenna in alarm and fearing violence secretly left the island and made his escape. Then the alarm spread far and wide. Many came eagerly forward at the famous name, prompted by their desire for a change and their hatred of the present situation. The fame of the pretender was increasing from day to day when a chance shattered it.


The provinces of Galatia and Pamphylia had been entrusted by Galba to Calpurnius Asprenas, who had been given as escort two triremes from the fleet at Misenum. With these Calpurnius reached the island of Cythnus, where there were many who tried to win over the captains in Nero's name. The pretender, assuming a look of sorrow and calling on the soldiers, once his own, for protection, begged them to land him in Syria or Egypt. The captains, either hesitating or acting with craft, declared that they must address their soldiers and that they would return after they had prepared the minds of all. But they faithfully reported everything to Asprenas, at whose bidding they captured the pretender's ship and killed him, whoever he was. His body, which was remarkable for its eyes, hair, and grim face, was carried to Asia and from there to Rome.


I began to imagine such a thing happening here, in my own country. If a dead Prime Minister were to reappear through the actions of an ambitious impostor, and what the media reporting would do with such a story. No doubt, it would reach a fever pitch of vicious debate, with supporters of the impostor being fervent in their support of such a leader, supported by the conspiratorial beliefs either in divine resurrection, or of some other black-ops secret that required the temporary faked-death of their saviour.


This is bigger than fake news, a whole fake leader! I imagine if such a look-alike rose to power while their namesake still lived. What would President Trump say if someone who looked just like him, and who claimed to be the real President, was gaining power and raising an army to march against him? Or, since I live in Australia, what would Scott Morrison do if a new Scott Morrison stood up and claimed to be the real Prime Minister? I think a lot of people would believe in the new-comer simply out of hope.


Or, to keep this fantasy closer in line with your tale of a fake Nero, what would happen if Harold Holt reappeared, declaring his own disappearance and reported death to be a secret service operation? How many people would rally around this new Holt? (I'm not trying to compare Nero to Holt in any serious political sense, however Holt's disappearance in 1967 is still the source of some conspiracies... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Holt#Disappearance )


Well, it might not actually be funny, but it made me laugh.

So Tacitus, thank you


with Gratitude and Respect.


Morgan.

Friday, 11 September 2020

Book 4, Letter 12, Part 2 of 2, On Keeping friends in a time of war.

 




Cicero, I find myself shy of words. I feel unqualified to pass comment. I can only say that this reply to your letter to Matius, shows me proof that your feelings towards him were reciprocated. You were not wrong to trust him, to love him, and to have faith in your lifelong friendship.



DCCLXXXII (F XI, 28)

C. MATIUS TO CICERO (AT TUSCULUM) ROME (AUGUST)


Your letter gave me great pleasure by convincing me that your opinion of me was what I had hoped and wished that it should be. And although I had no doubt about that, yet, as I valued it very highly, I was anxious that it should remain intact. I was, moreover, conscious in my own mind of having done nothing calculated to wound the feelings of any good man. Therefore I was all the less inclined to believe that a man of your many splendid qualities could be induced to adopt any opinion inconsiderately, especially as my good feeling towards you had always been, and still was, heartfelt and uninterrupted. As then I know this to be as I wished it to be, I will now answer the charges, which—as was natural from your unparalleled kindness and our friendship-you have often rebutted in my behalf.


Now I am well acquainted with the allegations made against me since Caesar's death. People blame me for shewing grief at the death of a dear friend, and expressing my indignation that the man whom I loved had been killed. For they say that country should be preferred to friendship, as though they had actually proved that his death has been beneficial to the Republic. Well, I will speak frankly. I confess that I have not attained to that height of philosophy. For in the political controversy it was not Caesar that I followed, but it was a friend whom—though disapproving of what was being done—I yet refused to desert. Nor did I ever approve of a civil war, nor of the motive of the quarrel, which in fact I strove my utmost to have nipped in the bud. Accordingly, when my friend was victorious I was not fascinated by the charm either of promotion or of money-rewards upon which others, though less influential with him than I was, seized with such intemperate avidity. In fact, even my own personal property was curtailed by the law of Caesar, thanks to which most of those who now exult in Caesar's death maintained their position in the state. I was as anxious that conquered citizens should be spared as I was for my own safety. Wishing therefore the preservation of all, could I fail to be indignant that the man by whose means that preservation had been secured had perished? Especially when the very same men had caused both the feeling against him. and the death which befell him. "Well then," say they, "you are assailed for venturing to shew your disapprobation of our deed." What unheard—of tyranny! One party are to boast of a crime, others are not to be allowed even to grieve at it with impunity! Why, even slaves have always been free to fear, to rejoice, and to grieve at their own will rather than at the behest of another-emotions of which, to judge from the frequent remarks of your champions of liberty, they are now endeavouring to deprive us by force. But they are throwing away their labour. I shall never be deterred from duty and humanity by the threats of any danger. For I have convinced myself that an honourable death is never to be shunned, is often even to be sought. But why are they angry with me for wishing them to repent of what they have done? For I desire Caesar's death to be regretted by all. 'But," say they, "I ought as a citizen to desire the safety of the Republic." If my past life and future hopes do not prove me—without my saying a word—to desire that, I do not expect to convince them by anything I can say.


Therefore I ask you with more than usual earnestness to regard facts as more convincing than words; and if you think it good for the world that right should prevail, to believe that I can have nothing in common with criminals. The principles which I maintained as a young man, when I might have had some excuse for going wrong, am I now that my life is drawing to its close entirely to change and with my own lips to give the lie to my whole career? I will not do so! Yet I will not act in a way to cause offence farther than by avowing my grief at the hard fate of one so deeply loved, and a man of such extraordinary distinction. But if I were otherwise disposed I would never deny what I was doing, lest I should get the reputation of being at once unscrupulous in committing crime, and timid and false in disavowing it.


"But," say they, "I superintended the games given by the young Caesar in honour of Caesar's victory." That is a matter of private obligation with no constitutional significance. Yet, after all, a service which I was bound to render to the memory of a dear friend even after his death, I could not refuse to the request of a young man of very great promise and in the highest degree worthy of Caesar.


I have also frequently been to the house of the consul Antonius to pay my respects. Yes, and those who now regard me as unpatriotic you will find going there in crowds to prefer some petition or to pocket some bounty. But what insolence is this that, whereas Caesar never interfered with my being intimate with whom I chose, even with those whom he personally disliked, these men who have torn my friend from me should now endeavour by their captious remarks to prevent my loving whom I choose? But I have no fear either of the regularity of my life not being sufficient to protect me hereafter, or of those very men who hate me for my constancy to Caesar not preferring to have friends like me rather than like themselves. For myself, if I get what I like, I shall spend the remainder of my life in retirement at Rhodes: but if some accident intervenes, though I am at Rome I shall always desire the right to prevail. I am very much obliged to our friend Trebatius, for having shewn me your true-hearted and affectionate feeling towards myself, and for having given me additional reasons for being still more bound to cultivate and respect a man for whom I have always felt a spontaneous affection. Good-bye, and do not cease to love me.



Cicero, in a time when brother is turned against brother over political differences, I take courage from your courage. Your belief, shared by Matius, that friendship is more important than political differences, gives me hope that I may borrow from your wisdom, and find a solution to the divisions tearing at my own life.


Now, if you do not mind, I think that I might express myself best through poetry.


Up against the Wall

June 2020



Brother against brother,

cut throat politics,

floors now slippery with

spilled misinformation


Father against son,

slip shod opinions

never fall far from the tree

the earth now slick with their rot


Poor against rich,

the policies of policing

and the policing of the peaceful

makes martyrs of us all


The streets are on fire

all over the world

but in momentary pools of winter sunlight

I sit

in my garden

and forget about the world

and for a brief minute

I

am

happy.


Left against right

like a game of football

we kick each other for the fun of

the screaming crowd


Black against white

and the subtleties of grey

are lost in the smoke

and mirrors


Me against you

and all of us

are up

against

the

wall.



*


Thank you Cicero, for you friendship, and your wisdom.


With gratitude and respect


Morgan.

Friday, 4 September 2020

Book 4, Letter 12, Part 1 of 2 To Cicero, on keeping friends in a time of war.

 





Dear Cicero,

Nothing is so contemptible as habitual contempt ; it is impossible to remain long under its control without being dwarfed by its influence.” Magoon

I come now to the last six months of your letters, that powerful and passionate time in your life when all your energies were directed towards opposing Mark Antony, and to writing the books for which you are now still remembered. I cannot help but feel that your contempt for Antony became a splinter in your eye. You became small in the shadow of your hatred, regardless of whether or not Antony was deserving of your rage. Your trust in Octavian, your love of the Republic, and your hubris in believing yourself capable of leading the Senate, in fact, of leading Rome, all culminate in the dramatic end of your story. Yet, these are part of the legends that have ensured your immortality.


Were you wrong to do as you did? To defend an already decayed Republic and to believe in a system and a society that was long since faded? Here in the future, I perhaps spend too much time trying to 'fix' history. To find solutions to your problems. I do this out of a certain nihilistic despair at ever solving the problems of my own era. I cannot even understand the problems of my own age, and find myself loosing sleep over the conflicts that arise daily to challenge my sense of morality and dignity. The world has become such an undignified place that I find myself withdrawing from it, unwilling to engage in debates that stink of blood-letting even before the participants gather.


I have been reading Tacitus again...(Ch1, Histories)


Rome was wasted by conflagrations, its oldest temples consumed, and the Capitol itself fired by the hands of its citizens. Sacred rites were profaned; there was profligacy in the highest ranks; the sea was crowded with exiles, and the rocks polluted with bloody deeds. In the capital there were yet worse horrors. Nobility, wealth, the refusal or acceptance of office, were grounds for accusation, and virtue ensured destruction. … Slaves were bribed to turn against their masters, and freedmen to betray their patrons; and those who had not an enemy were destroyed by their friends.


This is his description of the period beginning January 60CE, but I quote it to you here because it seems to describe both your era, Cicero, and my own. Riots and protests fill the streets, injustice everywhere is being fought against by the oppressed masses, statues are being torn down and the world seems dominated by violence, disease, misinformation, hired troublemakers and sincere protesters. I find myself even fighting an old friend.


It is this conflict which brings me to your letter to Caius Matius, a close friend of yours with whom you had stumbled into a conflict. Matius had been a lifelong Caesarian, a political opponent of yours, yet you Cicero, maintained a warm friendship with him throughout the civil war. He helped you after the death of Pompey, to find your place in the new Rome, and to befriend Caesar. He believed in the value of your friendship, as much as you believed in it. A belief that crossed the political divide, and built a bridge that is still visible 2000 years later.


DCCLXXXI (F XI, 27)

CICERO TO CAIUS MATIUS (AT ROME) TUSCULUM (END OF AUGUST) 44 BCE

I have not yet been able to make up my mind whether Trebatius—kind man and devoted friend of us both-brought me more pain or pleasure. The fact is that I having reached Tusculum in the evening, early next day he called on me: though he was not fully recovered. I scolded him for not being sufficiently considerate of his weak health: but he said that nothing had been more wearisome to him than waiting to see me. "Nothing fresh happened, has there?" said I. Then he told me of your grievance. But before I answer it I will put before you a few facts. As far back as I can remember I have no older friend than your-self. But after all the length of a friendship is something in which many others share. Not so warmth of affection. I became attached to you the first day I knew you, and formed the opinion that you were attached to me. After that your absence—which was a very prolonged one—my own official career, and the different line we took in life did not allow our inclinations to be cemented by a constant intercourse. Nevertheless, I had proof of your affection for me many years before the civil war, when Caesar was in Gaul. For you secured what you were strongly of opinion was to my advantage and not without advantage to Caesar himself—that the latter should like me, pay me attention, and rate me among his friends. I pass over instances in those times of words, letters, and various communications of the most friendly character passing between us. For a more dangerous crisis followed: and at the beginning of the civil war, when you were on your way to Brundisium to join Caesar, you came to call on me at Formiae. How much that implies in itself, to begin with, especially at such a crisis! And in the next place, do you suppose that I have forgotten your advice, conversation, and kindly interest? And in these I remember that Trebatius took part. Nor, again, have I forgotten the letter you sent me after you had met Caesar in the district, if I remember rightly, of Trebula. Then followed the period in which whether you call it shame or duty or fortune compelled me to go abroad to join Pompey. What service or zeal was wanting on your part, either towards myself when away from town, or my family, who were still there? Whom did all my family regard as more warmly attached either to me or to themselves?

I came to Brundisium : do you suppose that I have forgotten with what speed you flew to me from Tarentum, as soon as you heard of it? Or, of how patiently you sat by my side, talked to me, and strengthened my courage, which had been broken by the dread of the universal ruin? At length our residence at Rome began: could anything be more intimate than we were? In questions of the first importance I consulted you as to my attitude towards Caesar, and in other matters availed myself of your good offices. Setting Caesar aside, whom else but me did you so far distinguish as to visit constantly at home, where you often spent many hours in the most delightful conversation? And it was then too, if you remember, that you instigated me to write these philosophical works. After Caesar's return, was there any object dearer to you than that I should be on the terms of closest friendship with him? And this you had accomplished.

To what end, therefore, is this preamble which has run to greater length than I anticipated? Why, to explain my surprise that you, who were bound to have known all this, should have believed me capable of having done anything incompatible with our friendship. For besides these facts, which are well attested and as clear as the day, I could mention many others of a more secret nature, such as I can hardly express in words. Everything about you gives me pleasure: but above all your surpassing fidelity in friendship, the prudence, trustworthiness and consistency of your character, as well as the charm of your manners, the cultivation of your intellect, and your knowledge of literature.

This being understood, I return to your statement of grievance. That you voted for that law I at first refused to believe. In the next place, if I had believed it, I should never have believed that you did so without some sound reason. Your rank makes it inevitable that whatever you do should be noticed: while the ill-nature of the world causes certain things to be represented in a harsher light

than your actions have really warranted. If you never hear such observations I don't know what to say. For my part, whenever I hear them I defend you, as I know that I am always defended by you against my detractors. Now my line of defence is twofold. There are some statements which I meet with a blank denial, as about that very vote of yours. Others I defend on the ground of the loyalty and kindness of your motives, as in regard to the superintendence of the games. But it does not escape a mind so highly cultivated as yours that, if Caesar was a tyrant—as I think he was-two opposite theories are capable of being maintained in regard to your services. One is mine—when I hold that your loyalty and kindness are to be commended for shewing affection to a friend, even after his death. The opposite theory, advanced by some, is that the liberty of our country is to be preferred to the life of a friend. From such discussions as these I only wish that the arguments I have advanced had come to your ears! Two other points, which above everything else redound to you reputation, no one could put oftener and with more satisfaction than I do: that your voice was the strongest both against beginning the civil war, and for moderation in victory. And in this I have never found anyone who did not agree with me. Therefore I am grateful to our friend Trebatius for giving me an excuse for writing this letter. And if you do not believe in it, you will thereby condemn me as wanting in duty and good feeling: than which nothing can be more discreditable to me or more foreign to your own character.


Cicero, you are famous for your friendships. I have cause every day to reflect on the fidelity of your heart, and the wisdom of your kind words on the importance of friendship. Such wisdom is not only to be found in your book on the subject, but also in letters such as this. Everyone knows about Atticus, and the legend of your kinship with him has grown over the centuries, but he was not your only friend, and the loyalty of your heart towards those whom you felt the warmth of affection is revealed in these private words between two men on opposite sides of politics.

Friday, 28 August 2020

Book 4, Letter 11 Eulogy for Peter Max Taubert









Never say of anything, “I have lost it,” but, “I have restored it.” Has your child died? They are restored. Has your wife died? She is restored.”

Enchiridion of Epictetus – Section XII


Has my father died? He has been restored to the place from which he came.


It is better for sons to bury fathers, than for fathers to bury sons.

Herodotus of Halicarnassus – Histories Book 1


I am honoured to have this privilege. I am proud to restore my father to the earth.




Everyone knew a different version of Peter, I am sure of it, so there could be no more fitting epitaph than for every single one of us to tell a story about him. I cannot hope to truly sum up the life of a seventy three year old man, so please forgive me if I emphasise some details, and omit others. This is a speech, not a biography.


I remember him singing in the morning over breakfast. I remember him singing in the kitchen over dinner. I remember the spoonerisms, and word games and camping in the backyard, camping in the bush, rifle shooting, bow shooting.


I remember the good and the bad.


I remember voicing a silent protest throughout my teens, confused and hurt by all I had seen during my parents divorce. I did not speak to him for, six years I think. Later, I remember him at my wedding day, proud as punch. I remember him when my son was born, beaming like the sun. I remember him when my marriage fell apart, he was solid as a rock and always ready with hot food and a glass of wine whenever I needed it. Through later breakdowns he gave my son and I a place in his home when we needed it.


He opened his home and his heart to us.


I remember his prejudices, and his foolish opinions, and his stubborn ideas, and I fought him on nearly every one, and still we found a way to listen to each other, to hear each other, and to offer respect instead of reproach. I saw him grow and change as a man, I saw him reliquish unjustifyable prejudices, I saw him soften with old age. I saw the relationship he built with his Grandson, Wren, a relationship that shaped and transformed both of them. He honoured the boy, conversed with him, offered advice and listened when it was given back. Wren dubbed him Dragon Pete, and for seven years the name has stuck. We three dined together, gardened together, watched a lot of movies together, we even travelled together to visit Philip and Sandra for Dad & Sandra's seventieth birthdays.


Half Man, Half Dragon. Everyone knew him differently, but there he was, living his life and blazing with a personal vigour that has inspired my own ceaseless efforts to live a life worth remembering. He believed in happiness, and despite struggling with crippling depression, was never one to dismiss an opportunity to enjoy life's grand and ordinary moments. His collection of Black Dog figurines was forever proudly on display, on the shelf that held all his books on mythology. There is no coincidence in this.


Not all my memories are complete, a lot are fragmentary. I remember Dad's suicide attempt, and his stay in hospital. I remember the terrible fights he had with mum, I remember the police being called, more than once, I remember being taken to the police station to get away, along with my sisters and my mother, more than once. I remember the night my parents marriage really ended. It was violent, confusing, noisy, frightening.


My memories are fragmentary just as our knowledge of Peter is fragmentary. I may be his son, but there are many who knew him far better than I, and for decades longer. I got to know him best in his last two decades. I witnessed his maturation into his twilight years. I got to know him as all his years of experience: trauma and love, came back to him, and I saw him trying to deal with everything that he was as a man. I saw him trying to reconcile his past, in himself. In his last year he really opened up to me, and as he remembered fragments of his childhood, he would share them with me. A lot of what came back to him were terrible memories, and I listened to him, just letting him get the stories out, but a lot more stories were joyful, or funny, or ordinary, and I would listen to him reminisce about his hunting days, or about the cars he had owned, the jobs he worked, or the places he had taught, or lectured, or sold books. We would look through old photo albums and he would tell me the exact model of camera he used for each era of photography, from his first Box Brownie, to his most modern digital cameras. His prized photographs still sit on bookshelves.


I remember the feasts, I remember him serving six different prawn dishes at one New Years eve party. There were gigantic bowls of salad, wine breathing in carafe's upon the mantle piece, whiskey in the freezer. Champagne for every toast. I remember his dark study with books lining every wall, and a cabinet with curiosities, like an antique store. He would smoke cigars and type, and I would sit beside him, just reading whatever he was writing. As a child I sat and watched him write his 'History of German U-Boat Warfare', and then in later years, I watched him write and publish the first edition of his food additives book, then I saw him publish the second edition.

I remember him with my Uncle Gabor (not a blood relative, but a relative by choice). They would eat weisswurst and polish sausage and salads,olives and fruit, and they would drink wine and talk and talk and talk and listen to music, and drink more wine and talk for days on end. I learned the art of friendship, watching them.



I remember the stories he told most often, the things from his life that he was most proud of:


Going through teachers college, studying field botany and writing his book about Folk Lore and the Weather. Many hunting stories, digging cars out of axle deep mud, shooting five goats with five bullets, or was it four bullets? His book tours and all the lectures he gave, the people he met and the lives he influenced. He was proud of teaching himself how to use the AUTOCAD architectural design program, and of his time at TAFE, teaching computing and welding. He had some complaints about his working life, but ultimately he was proud of everything he achieved. He lived to his own standard, to his own work ethic, and he was justified in his confidence. He was a capable man; capable of learning, and of perfecting his work. He worked with his hands and with his mind and with his voice, at each stage of his life applying himself wholly to whatever tasks he set for himself.


Sometimes I reflect that I only knew him a relatively short time, I didn't really know him, that my memories amount to very little : but then I recall his passion for Asian food, and the absolutely incendiary curries and stir fry's he would cook. I remember Dragon Pie, the shepherds pie he baked and then decorated with an incredibly detailed picture of a dragon, drawn dot by dot with peas and corn. I remember the concrete dragon he sculpted to sit atop the chimney of the brick BBQ he also built. I remember, as a kid, the tumble-dryer warmed blankets before bed, being tucked in like a sardine, wrapped up tight in a hot blanket. I remember the corn growing in the back yard, I remember the sugar cane he smuggled home from Queensland and which he planted in the garden at Murray Bridge, and I remember watching it take root and grow. I remember motorbike rides, I remember the sail boat, and crossing Lake Alexandrina with John Gill, and I remember the Kingswood station wagon, and every time we drove home from Adelaide, Dad would ask us kids if we wanted to take the free-way, or the old road to get home, and we would all sing that we wanted the old road, even though it was ten minutes longer.


I will not, however, paint only a glowing portrait of my father, making out that he was a creature of perfect kindness and virtue. I want to acknowledge that his life was marred by some poor decisions, and by aggression born of unprocessed trauma. Yet, amidst the frightful domestic violence of our disintegrating family, my childhood memories of Dad are coloured brightly with the love he showed us, with his humour and his silly songs, his piggy back rides and his bedtime stories. I cannot paint him all black because of his faults, just as I cannot paint him all white because of his virtues. He was a human being, I need say no more. We all knew him.


He was a multicultural man, an international gentleman of discerning taste and intense intellectual passions. His book collection is diverse and fascinating. His music is the same. His movie collection, and the actors and actors database that he spent two decades building is perhaps the great monument of the work of his retirement. These collections of his, his coins, his figurines, his posters, his cinema memorabilia, his photographs, his family history, his decks of playing cards with pictures of naked girls, his Marilyn Monroe pictures...these are the arranged imprints of his fingers in the dust of the world. These collections of his are the memories made real from his life of passion.


He told me often in the last few years that he could remember very little of his childhood, and he knew that it was better that way. These mementos that fill his home are the material evidence of his efforts to build, and to hold onto, all the joyful events of his life. To preserve that which was most precious to him, and to keep it always in view. This is perhaps illustrated no better than by his fabulous love of Peter Pan. Dad was a boy who was denied a childhood, and so as an adult, he found a way, through the medium of fairy stories and mythology, to preserve the childhood self he so desired.


Twenty eight years after his divorce, he still kept a single photo of Mum on his book shelf. A photo he took of her silhouette against an apocalyptic sky, churning with the smoke of Ash Wednesday. Perhaps there is some symbolism there, but ultimately it is a beautiful picture, a work of art, and he preserved it as a reminder.


How many of us can ever say that we truly understand ourselves? Though we strive to achieve this goal our entire lives, it seems that the mystery of Self, is never truly solved. Dad had his blind spots, and he had a way of dismissing the parts of his past that he did not wish to address, or discuss. This made it very difficult for those of us that he hurt, to find resolution, or a sense of closure. His refusal to confront the mistakes he made with his family ultimately kept all of us at arms length. We each had to make a choice to forgive and forget, or else be burdened by our memories. Some mistakes he made were beyond forgiveness, and I do not reproach those who could not forgive, or forget. I know that as his son, he treated me better than he treated many others, a kindness which he also extended to his grandson, Wren.


I feel perhaps a little guilty to have known him at his kindest, to have spent the last decade dining with him, drinking with him, watching movies with him, going to the central markets, riding on trains, playing with trains, going shopping, going to the hospital, going to the doctor, following the ambulance, going to the hospital again. As hard as his medical problems were, every moment being his son, having the opportunity, the willingness and the ability to help him gave me great pride. I am grateful that he let me get close enough to be able to help him. I am grateful to have had the opportunity to love him, and to be loved by him, and to be with him till his last day.


I could go on, telling you of the love I felt for my father, and of the gratitude I feel towards him for all that he gave me, spiritually, intellectually, and practically, but my eulogising must come to an end. I will conclude with this poem, written three weeks after his death.



For my father

August 2020



Mountains in the sky

the clouds make miniature

the earth beneath their shadow


You ride white horses across mountains in the sky

another ghost rider chasing dreams through drifting memory

all the world beneath your shadow


my tiny life

my little family

my grain of sand upon the ocean floor

while you

ride horses

across mountains

in the

sky


I

rise

to see

the sunlight

upon your mighty face

and I am blessed by the memory of your voice

in my ear,

and all your songs are

my songs

now

and I will sing them

to my son

and we will play games inside our memory of you

and tell stories

and tell others,

other people,

we will tell all about you

and your courageous, complicated life

while you ride horses

across mountains

while you ride motorbikes

and run through forests

and through streets

and through our veins


and I,

this tiny grain of sand

in your palm,

all your truth and consequence

made manifest,

I am miniature in your shadow,

all the world is made small

while you

and the mountains

grow tall

and I rise

each day

to see

the sun.


Thursday, 20 August 2020

Book 4, Letter 10, to my Father. Two weeks have passed since your death.




Hey Dad,


It's Tuesday so I'm back at your place. I'm cooking the food you left for me, a chicken and corn dish which is simmering while I write. I'm drinking your wine. Wren is playing solitaire on your computer, he sings as he plays, music pouring out of him, just like it always poured out of you. The house still smells like you, my hands smell like your hands. The dust still holds your finger prints and the wine glass still holds the memory of your lips. You are here with me, in me.

I saw your next door neighbour. She said that the last time she spoke to you, perhaps a couple weeks before your death, you said to her that you were happy with your life, happy with your home.

I am happy with your life. Sitting at your kitchen table as I write, I am crying, unstoppable tears. Your wine is sweet. My grief is sweet. You gave me so much in life, and you continue to provide me with all the necessities of life. You have given me your home, the very seat of your kingdom and all the mementos I could ever ask for.

Wren and I will sit down with dinner to watch the third Pirates of the Caribbean movie. We watched the first two with you before you left us, so we have returned to finish the series, and to continue our life with you, despite your absence.

I thought I was fine. I thought my grief may have been fleeting, but of course, it will last the rest of my life. It is your lasting gift to me, this bottomless well of emotion from which I may draw. The water of your love, Dad, I will drink it deep. I will quench my thirst for life, I will live as you hoped I might live: with passion, music and love.


Thank you today. Thank you tomorrow. Thank you forever.


With gratitude and respect.


Your loving son, Morgan




PS. I have been reading the book you leant me, The Jungle and the Sky by CS Forester. There is a passage I would like to share, since it seemed you must have had this in mind when you suggested I read the book. It concerns a drummer playing his drum in a village in the jungle...


Tali had perfected the rhythm he gad been striving for. There was a neat series of beats, and then a hesitation, like a man stumbling, a recovery, and then another stumble. A man could hardly keep from laughing when he heard that rhythm. It was a good joke, something really funny, catching and captivating. The dancers were grinning with pleasure and excitement. They had formed round Tali in a semi-circle, and the dance to suit the rhythm rapidly evolved itself. They closed slowly in on him with mock tenseness and dignity. Then a sudden quick interchange of places, a backward swirl, and they were ready in the nick of time to begin the cycle again. It was an exciting and stimulating dance, amusing and yet at the same time intensely gratifying artistically. People came swarming from all points to join in, and the semi-circle grew wider and wider. Soli...leapt into the centre.

'Hey!' he shouted. 'Hey, hey, hey!'

He was up on his toes, posturing picturesquely. He reeled to one side, he reeled to the other side, while behind him the crowd neatly shifted in time with him, interchanging in a geometrical pattern vastly gratifying. Tali thumped and thundered on his drum. His eyes were staring into the vacancy over the heads of the dancers. He touched the side of the drum with his elbow to mute it, and it's tone changed from loud mirth to subtle mockery.

'Hey!' shouted the crowd.

Tali introduced a new inflexion into the rhythm. He made no break in it ; perhaps not even a metronome could have measured the subtle variation of time. But now the drumbeat told of his tragedy, of vivid drama. Soli in the centre caught the change of mood and found words for it.

'The tall tree totters!' he intoned. 'Run, men, run!'

The drum thundered, the dancers interchanged.

'Run, men, run!' roared the crowd, catching the final beats.

'It hangs upon the creepers,' sand Soli in his nasal monotone. 'Down it falls!'

Beat – beat – shuffle – shuffle.

'Down it falls!' roared the crowd... … …


Thanks for the book Dad, it's great.   I'll let you know when I finish it.






Friday, 14 August 2020

Book 4, Letter 9, Part 2 of 2 To Cicero, On the Orator


A few months ago I bought An Introduction to Roman Law, by Barry Nicholas (1962) with the expectation that its dry subject matter would help me get to sleep in the evening. Oh my foolish heart! I have seen the clock tick past midnight many times while holding this book upon my lap. I had no idea that I would find in it the same enticing stories of human trials and triumphs that excite me in many other books on history. But you know all about that don't you Cicero.


There is also another thing which makes it all the easier to learn and master the law: though most people find this hard to believe. For the fact is that legal study is so utterly fascinating and absorbing!... ...Once he has embarked upon that line, the whole range of law and our priestly chronicles and the Twelve Tables will give him a remarkable picture of what ancient times were like. For one thing, these records provide invaluable evidence about primitive linguistic usage; and, besides, some of the types of legal action they preserve are extremely informative about our ancestors' customs and ways of life. (On the Orator: Cicero)


I am always fascinated to read about the ancient people's attitudes to their own ancient past. I live in such a peculiar time (I suppose that everyone considers their own era to be peculiar...Thucidides certainly did, and I am grateful...), wait...where was I...oh yes. I am interested in both ancient history, as well as far reaching futuristic science fiction, I feel that I am living in an era subject to an equal influence between these two poles of influence. I can feel the stratified layers of history beneath my feet, and also the atmospheric pressures of speculative thinking drawing me forward.


But I wanted to talk about Roman Law....


Divorce. Since Roman marriage depended for its existence merely on the parties' living together wit the intention of being married, it could equally be brought to an end by the free will of either or both. And just as no formality was needed for the beginning of a marriage, so also none was needed for its termination...Until the later years of the Republic this total freedom of divorce was kept in check by public opinion and by the Roman habit of consulting a family council before making any important decision. ... By the last century BC, however, divorce had become a matter of course, at least among the upper classes, for whose habits alone we have any evidence. The respectable Cicero put away his wife after thirty years of marriage in favour of a young and wealthy bride, and Cato of Utica had no compunction in remarrying his divorced wife when she was left a wealthy widow by her intervening husband. ... Seneca remarks that women reckon the years not by the names of the consuls, but by those of their husbands. (An introduction to Roman Law)


It is easy to think of women's rights as being a 20th Century concept, but it seems that throughout the development of the Roman Empire, greater and greater protections were granted to women in the case of divorce, securing their social and financial security against divorce. Laws were put in place to prevent the mismanagement of a wife's dowry, and to insist on the full return of all lands owned by the wife prior to the marriage. Since children were by law, the property of the husband, upon divorce, a percentage of the dowry could be kept by the husband for the maintenance of those children, but later changes to the law under Justinian, abolished this right.


I'm not particularly interested in divorce law, other than that is bears relevance to my own life. My parents divorced in 1992 when I was twelve years old, and my mother was shunned by the Catholic Church to which she had belonged for most of her life. As a child I was subject to visitation laws, as well as the problems of a restraining order put out against my father, preventing him from stepping foot on the same street as my mother's house. Along with my two sisters, I had to walk with my bags to the end of the street to be picked up by my father for weekend visits. My father had been violent towards my mother, so I understand her fears, and the reason for the restraining order, but I also remember the shame and confusion I felt each time I walked with my bags in hand to meet my father, waiting in the car.


Of course, my mother possessed no dowry, but there were child support payments, and the division of mutually held property, and for five years my parents struggled through family court, with many fights and accusations.


I have been lucky, or perhaps I just learned the lessons from my parents divorce, that since separating from my own first wife, we have maintained a 50/50 split of custody of our son, and have shared the expenses of his upbringing. My marriage was like the Roman custom, in that it was a marriage not sanctioned by any government documentation, but rather a mutual agreement. We were in fact re-married each year on the 31st of October in a private Handfasting ceremony, which for us meant a promise to remain together for a year and a day. We continued in this way for seven years before our promises came to an end. Our initial Handfasting Ceremony was presided over by a pagan priestess, and took place on a Sunday in the middle of a public marketplace in a small country town. Our friends and family gathered in a circle around us to witness the ceremony, which took less than five minutes. Afterwards we shared a potluck feast with everyone present, we drank mead, we danced to a funk band that showed up uninvited, we were entertained by a belly dancer friend, and the children were thrilled by the performance of The Amazing Drumming Monkeys, a puppetry and music duo who played African drums and sang songs about eating fruit and doing monkey yoga.





I don't know why I'm telling you all of this, Cicero, but it is easy to talk freely with you, so I will not judge myself harshly for this digression. It is actually pleasant, seven years having passed since my divorce, to reminisce about our wedding day.


No one knows why you divorced your wife Terentia. People speculate that it was over a breach of trust concerning money, that your wife may have stolen from you, but really, the truth is not visible in either your letters, or in the accounts given by later historians. Your divorce from your second wife Publilia is better understood; she did not seem to approve of the doting manner of your love for your daughter, Tullia. Whatever the truth, your life, and the whole Roman Republic was a mess at the time, and bad decisions were being made by everyone. I do not judge you. Even if you only married Publilia for her money, I don't really care. You paid back the dowry when you divorced, in accordance with the law, so all's fair in love and war, I guess.


I don't know where I'm going with all this. It's just a rambling letter. Every day I read, and every day I think of things I would like to write to you about.


With gratitude and Respect


Morgan.


*

PS. I'm not your only fan...

The Oration against Catiline - read by an Australian.

https://youtu.be/NZg1PzU9fqw?list=TLPQMDkwNTIwMjDXe7-Js65O7A